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جدا in the first sentence is missing the double dashes of the eliph tanween, correct?

@chazyouwin, yes جدا is missing the tanween on top of the last letter. Because it always comes with a tanween, sometimes people don’t write it as it is assumed there is a tanween at the end.

I agree. After studying Arabic for some time, you get used to words like shukraan, mar7abaan and others being written with no tanween. However, you will always read it with tanween. Its like if I wrote "bike" with no dot on the "i". Yes, the dot is missing, but there is no doubt that the word is "bike" and couldnt be read any other way.

@ aliyah.m

To my limited knowledge, I can think of at least one exception to your comment. Wouldn’t omission of tanween cause ambiguity when you write إذا ‘idhaa’ (= if) and إذاً ‘idhan’ (= so, therefore)?

Even in dictionaries words like “khusuusan” (ﺨﺻﻮﺻﺎ are often written without tanween. The omission of tanween is unlikely to bother readers who are familiar with Arabic usage.

The problems posed by the omission of kasra and fatha are much more serious, however. Take the word for “swine”, for instance. When the harakaat are omitted, the singular will look like this: ﺨﻨﺰﻴﺮ. Most learners will wonder whether this word should be pronounced “khanziir” or “khinziir”. According to Mansouri’s “Pocket Arabic Dictionary”, it is pronounced “khanziir”. If we consult the new “Speak Arabic Quickly” dictionary we’ll hear a native speaker saying “khanziir”, and we’ll find a fatha above the first letter. In the podcast devoted to swine flu Ehab also says “khanziir”.

Now look at the desert-sky.net website. Here the singular is transliterated as “xinziir”. If this is correct there must be a kasra beneath the first letter. Look up the word in the Lessan dictionaries and you will indeed find a kasra below the letter in question. Does this mean that ﺨﻨﺰﻴﺮ can be pronounced in two different ways in MSA?

Regarding dictionaries: too many Arabic-English-Arabic (including many new app editions) are compiled without diacritic marks (or even phonetics) which makes them very unhelpful for beginners presumably because the compilers imagine that a beginner will 'just know' as they do themselves which I find a quite bizarre.

Regarding dots: in English, missing dots on i or j is not critical but it does mean we can become a little inattentive so need to make an extra effort with Arabic as, obviously, missing or misplacing a dot changes a letter!